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Image 7: Objective, subjective and social dimensions in the processes of victimisation and de-victimisation

Image 8: Victimhood and hidden victimisation

In relation to the objective dimension, from the standpoint of Criminal law we talk about victims of crime (and abuse of power). From that of Psychology, we usually refer to victims of trauma or traumatic events. From Philosophy, we consider the notion of suffering. From Medicine, we can add the notion of pain. Finally, beyond the strict concept coming from Law, within a more broad Criminology (or Zemiology, Tomb, 2018) –meaning capturing social dimensions–, we can talk about the harm produced to victims.

Image 9: Notions related to the objective dimension of victimisation/de-victimisation coming from different disciplines or branches of knowledge

According to the 1985 United Nations Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power (Resolution A/RES/40/34, adopted by the General Assembly), victims of crime mean: