Читать книгу Global Tax Governance. Taxation on Digital Economy, Transfer Pricing and Litigation in Tax Matters (MAPs + ADR) Policies for Global Sustainability. Ongoing U.N. 2030 (SDG) and Addis Ababa Agendas онлайн

96 страница из 100

Today over 86% of 65 respondent central banks surveyed by the Bank for International Settlements are doing some kind of research or experimentation on central bank issued digital currencies.ssss1 Two, the Bahamas “sand dollar” and on a limited basis China “digital currency electronic payment”, having issued. In most of these designs money moves from being a ledger entry spread across multiple databases controlled by individual banks to a ledger entry on a shared ledger with multiple copies being kept in sync. While the availability of these transactions in one place potentially provides unprecedented transparency into money movement, it also raises significant concerns with respect to the power it would give governments.ssss1 CBDC’s may open the ability to program the behavior of money. Use cases for programmability being discussed include positive or negative interest, enabling or disabling transfer depending upon counterparty or use, and the automatic deduction of taxes.

Were the vision of automatic deduction of taxes via CBDC realistic, it would present a powerful new digital approach to fight tax fraud and noncompliance. But the conjecture around using CBDC’s to automatically deduct taxes may be overly optimistic given existing tax regimes and compliance approaches. To realize the opportunity for automatic deduction of taxes a tax determination capability must be integrated into the CBDC platform, or one of the participants in the transaction must indicate what portion of the payment relates to tax. For all but most simple tax regimes, the significant data required for determination would prove challenging to provide as part of a transaction, as is the case with financial intermediary withholding regimes today. If data were provided a tax calculation system would need to be put in place, connected to the CBDC, and capable of high throughput performance. A more plausible alternative may be integrating minimum required data; the amount, jurisdiction and tax type, along with a cryptographic signature indicating a secured chain was utilized.