Читать книгу The rise of Canada, from barbarism to wealth and civilisation онлайн

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Charles Roger

Published by Good Press, 2021

goodpress@okpublishing.info

EAN 4066338085955

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QUEBEC: PETER SINCLAIR.

TO

JOSEPH MORRIN, ESQUIRE, M. D.,

MAYOR OF QUEBEC,

IS DEDICATED, AS THE ONLY MONUMENT, WHICH CAN BE RAISED

TO ACKNOWLEDGED WORTH,

BY HIS OBLIGED AND FAITHFUL

FRIEND AND SERVANT,

THE AUTHOR.

INDEX.

PAGE. ssss1 Canada Discovered 4 Cartier's Arrival in the St. Lawrence 5 Commencement of the Fur Trade 6 Quebec Founded 7 Exploration of the Ottawa 8 The Cold—Lake Huron 9 Sixty White Inhabitants 10 The First Franco-Canadian 11 The Colonists Dissatisfied 12 The Hundred Associates 13 Quebec Surrendered to the English 14 The Restoration—Death of Champlain 15 The Massacre at Sillery 16 The Effect of Rum upon the Iroquois 17 Arrival of Troops—A Moon-Light Flitting 18 Swearing and Blasphemy—The Earthquake 19 The Physical Features of the Country 20 The First Governor and Council 21 First Settlement of old Soldiers 22 The Canada Company 23 Kingston Founded 24 The Small Pox—De Frontenac—Sale of Spirits 25 Marquette—Jollyet—The Sieur La Salle 26 The First Vessel Built in Canada 27 Voyage of the Cataraqui—Tempest on Lake Erie 28 Mouths of the Mississippi—Murder of La Salle 29 Indian Difficulties—Fort Niagara 30 Deception and its Results 31 Massacre of Schenectady 32 Education—Witchcraft 33 Port Royal reduced by Phipps 34 De Frontenac's Penobscot Expedition 35 Trade—War—Population 36 New England Expedition to Canada 37 Gen. Nicholson—Peace of Utrecht 38 Social Condition and Progress 39 Louisbourg—Shirley's Expedition 40 Siege of Louisbourg 41 Surrender of Louisbourg 42 A French Fleet Intercepted 43 The New Englanders' Convention 44 Surprise and Defeat of Braddock 45 Avariciousness of Bigot 46 Capture of Oswego by Montcalm 47 Incompetent Generals—Change of Ministry 48 Abercrombie's attack on Ticonderoga 49 Surrender of Fort Frontenac 50 Wolfe's Invasion 51 The Repulse at Montmorenci 52 The Battle of Quebec 53 Death of Wolfe 54 Death of Montcalm 55 Canada ceded to England 56 Canada and New England 57 Quebec Act—Taxation without Representation 58 ssss1 Representation in the Imperial Parliament 59 Montgomery's Invasion 60 Arnold—Montgomery—Allen 61 The American Siege—Death of Montgomery 62 Independence Refused by the Catholic Clergy 63 The American Siege Raised 64 Independence—Defeat of Baum 65 The Surrender of Burgoyne 66 Western Canada divided into Districts 67 Divisions of the Province of Quebec 68 Lord Dorchester 69 Governor-General Prescott 70 Governor Milnes 71 The Royal Institution Founded 72 Cultivation of Hemp—Land Jobbing 73 The Lachine Canal—The Gaols Act 74 Trinity Houses Established—An Antagonism 75 Mr. Dunn, Administrator 76 Upper Canada—The Separation Act 77 Debate on the Separation Act 78 Mr. Fox's Speech 79 Mr. Chancellor Pitt's Speech 81 Mr. Burke's Speech 82 Governor Simcoe and his Parliament 83 Parliamentary Proceedings 84 Simcoe's Character 85 London Founded—Simcoe's Prejudices 86 Selection of a Seat of Government 87 Simcoe and the Hon. John Young 88 The Newark Spectator 89 First Parliament of Upper Canada 90 The Hon. Peter Russell 91 General Hunter, Governor 92 Hunter—New Ports of Entry 93 Collectors of Customs appointed 94 Parliamentary Business 95 Grant and Gore 96 Lower Canada—Importance of Parliament 97 Parliament Libelled 98 The Honorable Herman Ryland 99 Mr. Ryland's hatred of Papacy 100 Romanism seriously threatened 101 No Roman Catholic Bishop of Quebec 102 Mr. Plessis and Mr. Att'y. Gen'l.—Explanation 103 A New Bishop Made—Ryland Angry 104 Churches and Education 105 Lord Bishop Strachan 106 The Church of England 107 The Dissenters and Episcopacy 108 Gift of £20,000 to the King—Spencer Wood, &c. 109 Garrison Pipeclay—the Habitants 110 A Provincial Agent in London 111 A Speck of War 112 The Chesapeake Difficulty Settled 113 Feeling in the United States 114 War Preparations in Canada 115 Upper Canada—The Parliament 116 Governor General Sir James Craig 117 Ryland's Love for the New Governor 118 Services of Sir James Craig 119 Meeting of Parliament 120 The Judges in Parliament 121 Expulsion of Mr. Hart 122 Prorogation of Parliament 123 Mr. Parent and "The Canadien" 124 Dismissals from the Militia 125 Mr. Panet re-elected Speaker 126 The War—The Judges—Mr. Hart 127 Parliament Angrily Dissolved 128 French Hatred of the British Officials 129 Craig's Opinion of the French Canadians 130 Composition of the Assembly 131 Vilification of the "Gens en Place" 132 The Martello Towers 133 The First Steamboat on the St. Lawrence 134 Death of Washington 135 No Liberty of Discussion in the United States 136 President Burr's Conspiracy 137 Madison—Erskine—and Jackson 138 Washington Diplomacy—A new Parliament 139 The Speech from the Throne 140 The Address in Reply 141 The Civil List 142 Civil List Resolutions 143 The Resolutions Premature 144 Mr. Justice De Bonne 145 An Antagonism—Parliament Dissolved 146 Rumors of Rebellion 147 Seizure of the "Canadien" 148 Sir James' upon Obnoxious Writings 149 A Proclamation 150 A Warning 151 Misgovernment of the Country 152 An Apology for Misgovernment 153 The Red-Tapist and the Colonist 154 Arrogance of the Officials 155 The Craig Road completed 156 Meeting of a New Parliament 157 Mr. Bedard, M.P., in prison 158 Why Mr. Bedard was not liberated 159 Disqualification of the Judges 160 Departure of Sir James Craig 161 Mr. Peel on Canadian Affairs 162 Mr. Peel—Sir Vicary Gibbs 163 Legislation in Upper Canada 164 Brocke—Prevost—The "Little Belt" 165 CHAPTER III. Sir George Prevost 166 Opening of Parliament 167 Embodiment of the Militia 168 Declaration of War by the United States 169 The Henry Plot 170 Henry's Treachery 171 The American Minority's Fears 172 United States unprepared for War 173 The Feeling in Canada 174 Army Bills—Prorogation of Parliament 175 The Ste. Claire Riot 176 The Commencement of Hostilities 177 Surrender of Michillimackinac 178 General Hull.—Proclamation—Amherstburgh 179 Offensive operations by the British 180 The Battle of Maguago 181 Bombardment of Detroit 182 Surrender of General Hull 183 Hull in Montreal—His Excuse 184 Surrender of H.M.S. "Guerrière"—The Fight 185 The "Guerrière" a wreck 186 Abandonment of the "Guerrière" 187 The Northern States clamorous for peace 188 The Battle of Queenston—Death of Brocke 189 The Victory—The Burial of Brocke 190 The "President" and "Belvidera" 191 The "Frolic" and the "Wasp" 192 The "Macedonian" and "United States" 193 The Lords of the Admiralty 194 The "Constitution" and the "Java" 195 Capture of the "Java"—Spirit of "The Times" 196 Generals Sheaffe and Smyth 197 The Fleets on the Lakes 198 De Salaberry—Lacolle 199 Dearborn's Retreat 200 Smyth's Attempt at Erie 201 Meeting of the Lower Canadian Parliament 202 The Prevalent Feeling—Mr. Jas. Stuart 203 Proceedings of Parliament 204 Mr. Ryland on the Press 205 The "Mercury" upon Mr. Stuart 206 Opening of the next Campaign 207 Battle at the River Raisin 208 Great Exertions on both sides 209 Imperial Misapprehension of Canadian Resources 210 Assault at Ogdensburgh 211 Capture of Toronto 212 Fort George Blown up 213 The Americans Surprised 214 Black Rock—Sacketts Harbour 215 The Affair of Sacketts Harbour 216 Indecision of Sir George Prevost 217 Unsuccessful Assault upon Sandusky 218 Stupidity of the English Military Departments 219 Capture of two War Vessels at Isle Aux Noix 220 Plattsburgh Captured 221 Wisdom thrust upon the Admiralty 222 The "Shannon" and "Chesapeake" 223 The Fight—The Triumph 224 "Argus" & "Pelican"—"Boxer" & "Enterprise" 225 Travelling—The Thousand Islands 226 Goose Creek—The Attack 227 York—Capture of the "Julia" & "Growler" 228 Engagement on Lake Ontario—The Mishap 229 Barclay and Perry 230 The Battle—The Americans victorious 231 Proctor's Retreat-Kentucky Mounted Rifles 232 Death of Tecumseh—Flight of Proctor 233 General Proctor reprimanded and suspended 234 The intended attack upon Montreal 235 De Salaberry and his Voltigeurs 236 The Battle of Chateauguay 237 Excellent effect of music 238 The Canadians Victorious 239 Wilkinson's Descent of the Rapids 240 Chrystler's Farm 241 The Attack on Montreal abandoned 242 Gen. Drummond—Upper Canada 243 Assault and Capture of fort Niagara 244 Nocturnal Attack on Black Rock 245 The Retreat of the Americans 246 Termination of the Campaign 247 Prosperity of Canada during the War 248 Parliament—Upper Canada 249 The Parliament of Lower Canada 250 The Speech and The Reply 251 Proposed Income Tax 252 Mr. Ryland and the Provincial Secretary 253 Mr. James Stuart and Chief Justice Sewell 254 The Rules of Practice 255 Resolutions aimed at Jonathan Sewell 256 The Impeachment 257 An Unpleasant Position 258 Chief Justices Sewell and Monk 259 London Agents of the Province 260 The Prorogation—Russian Mediation 261 Capture of the "Essex" 262 "Frolic" & "Orpheus"—"Epervier" & "Peacock" 263 The "Reindeer" and "Wasp" 264 Prisoners—8th Regt.—Indians 265 The Attack upon Lacolle 266 The Killed and Wounded—Plunder 267 Recaptures of Plunder at Madrid 268 Capture of Oswego 269 The Sandy Creek Business 270 Riall's Defeat 271 The Battle of Chippewa 272 The Battle continued 273 Siege of Fort Erie 274 The Assault 275 A British Fleet on the American Coast 276 Admiral Cockburn & General Ross 277 The Legislative Capital of the U.S. captured 278 The Destruction of the Libraries 279 Capitulation of Alexandria 280 Death of General Ross 281 The Attack on Baltimore 282 Prairie Du Chien and Ste. Marie 283 Moose Island taken possession of 284 The Penobscot Expedition 285 Invasion of the United States 286 The British Fleet defeated in Lake Champlain 287 The Fight & the Surrender 288 The Retreat—Sir George Prevost 289 Character of Sir George Prevost 290 Accusation of Prevost by Sir Jas. Yeo 291 Fort Erie Blown up 292 New Orleans—General Jackson 293 Nature of the Defences of New Orleans 294 Pakenham—The Assault 295 Gallantry of the 93rd Regiment 296 The Defeat—Thornton Successful 297 Capture of Fort Boyer—The Peace 298 Defence of Pakenham's conduct 299 The Hartford Convention 300 Consequences of the War 301 The Canada Militia Disbanded 302 Meeting of Parliament in Lower Canada 303 An Agent—Public Opinion 304 Service of Plate to Sir George Prevost 305 Character of Prevost as a Governor 306 Close of the Session—the Lachine Canal 307 Progress—Recall of Sir George Prevost 308 Legislation in Upper Canada 309 State of Parties in Upper Canada 310 The Newspaper a Pestilence in the Land 311 The Brock Monument—Gore's Return 312 CHAPTER IV. Drummond Administrator-in-chief 313 The Roads—The Inhabitants 314 The French Canadian character 315 Parliament—Waterloo 316 "My Native City" 317 The Assembly Censured 318 Dissolution of Parliament 319 General Wilson Administrator 320 Information for the Colonial Secretary 321 Sir John Sherbrooke's Notions 322 The New Parliament 323 Suspension of Mr. Justice Foucher 324 The Chief Justice of Montreal 325 "Sub Rosa" Negociation 326 Management of the Commons 327 The Banks of Quebec and Montreal 328 York and Kingston 329 First Steamers on the Lakes 330 Government of Upper Canada 331 Persecutions for Opinion's sake 332 Joseph Wilcocks, M.P.P. 333 Acts of the Upper Canada Legislature 334 The Prorogation 336 Foreign Protestants—Prorogation 337 Durand's Parliamentary Libel 338 Durand Imprisoned—Wyatt vs. Gore 339 Lower Canada Civil List 340 The Instructions—Foucher 341 Adjudication of Impeachments 342 Mr. Ryland's Opinion 343 The Chambly Canal 344 The Estimates—St. Peter Street, Quebec 345 Disinterment of Montgomery—Richmond 346 His Grace the Duke of Richmond's Speech 347 Rejection of the Civil List—Lachine Canal 348 Additional Impeachments 349 Some Feeling evinced by the Legislative Council 350 A Paul, Strahan, and Bate's Case 351 A Testy Speech from the Throne 352 Rideau Canal—Population—Banks 353 Upper Canada—Mr. Gourlay 354 Mr. Gourlay's schemes 355 Gourlay arrested 356 Gourlay's ejectment—Parliament 357 Governor Maitland and the Convention 358 Death of the Duke of Richmond 359 Antagonism—Maitland and the L.C. Assembly 360 Arrival of Lord Dalhousie 361 Papineau's speech at Montreal 362 Dalhousie's opening parliamentary speech 363 Facilities for manufacturing in Lower Canada 364 Honorable John Neilson—Appearance and Character 365 Quarrel of the Houses about the Civil List 366 Mr. Andrew Stuart—The Supplies, &c. 367 The Lachine Canal—Sinecure Offices 368 Additions to the Executive Council 369 The Civil List—Antagonism 370 Mr. Marryatt, M.P.—Stoppage of the Supplies 371 The Honorable John Richardson 372 Message from the Governor 373 Despotic conduct of the Assembly 374 Effect of cutting off the supplies 375 The Prorogation—Ryland's Advice 376 Legislative Union of the Provinces 377 Agriculture and commerce in distress 378 The Union Bill 379 The Church—Political Rights 380 Antipathies—Increasing Difficulties 381 Parliament again in session 382 Sir F. Burton—District of St. Francis 383 The Civil List 384 "Times" Libel—Emptiness of the Public Chest 385 The Finances—the Receiver General 386 The Lachine and Chambly Canals 387 The prorogation—Union of the Provinces 388 The Public Accounts of Upper Canada 389 Gourlay's Enlightened Views 390 Construction of Ship Canals recommended 391 Realization of a Dream—Mr. Merritt 392 John Charlton Fisher, LL.D., King's Printer 393 Suspension of Mr. Caldwell 394 Lord Dalhousie's Explanation 395 The defalcation—Tea Smuggling 396 Free navigation of the St. Lawrence demanded 397 Pettishness of the Lower Canada Assembly 398 Occupations Taxed in Upper Canada 399 Drawbacks on Importations 400 The Clergy Reserves 401 Parliament Closed—Tyranny of Maitland 402 The Bidwells and Brodeurs of U.C. 403 W. L. Mackenzie—Appearance and Character 404 Mackenzie Persecuted 405 Press Muzzlings 406 Sir J. Robinson—Patience and Oppression 407 Recall of Sir P. Maitland 408 Matthews—Willis—Robinson 409 The Gentry of Canada 410 The Literary and Historical Society 411 Departure of Lord Dalhousie 412

PREFACE.