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After the very first phases of divergent ideation, the designer will use two types of “conversation”: a conversation with self and a conversation with co-designers and clients. Both types of conversation will require both visual representations and fluidity in the execution of the representation of the designer’s ideas.

Reflective conversation will generally be more important in the early stages of design. Goel (1995) describes the design process as an evolution of different types of representations. For each stage, a particular type of representation is used for specific tasks. During the ideation stage, a first type of representation consisting of freehand sketches or physical models is mobilized to externalize and visualize design intentions or to communicate them with others. These first representations are what Goldschmidt (1992) calls idea-sketches. Later in the process, presentation sketches appear, in the form of digital 3D models, drawings or images, to improve communicating asynchronously with colleagues and clients about the proposals. At the end of the process appear the representations composed of detailed technical drawings and rapid prototyping models to communicate the exact and definitive information to build the product. During these three successive steps, the representations are likely to be mobilized during synchronous, but especially asynchronous collaborations with other designers or customers. For example, team ideation requires cognitive artifacts adapted to different visualization capacities, and these artifacts must also be manipulated in an intuitive way.