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Gro Harlem Brundtland, the first female Prime Minister in Europe, Norwegian and president of a commission appointed by the United Nations, concluded very quickly that the problem of sustainable development was not exclusively related to the environment. The commission quickly gave an official definition of sustainable development, which is a bit convoluted, but not bad at all. “Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”. This means that we can continue to develop, but we must change the way in which we do it.

There was also the major Rio conference which defined around 20 principles in social, political, economic and ecological dimensions. Europe has retained some of them, abandoning others which concern us less, such as the right to education (fairly acquired in Europe), or political notions (in the sense that Europe is a democracy). There are still the social, economic and ecological dimensions.