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Although Xenon light sources have been considered high‐end medical technology for almost a decade, LED technology is taking over as the standard. For LED light sources the brightness, clarity, and high color temperature provide true color accuracy. The condition and quality of light‐transmitting cables, cleanliness of lens surfaces, light sensitivity of the camera, and monitor type also contribute to image brightness and quality, as explained earlier in the imaging‐chain section of this chapter [1–5, 8,13–16].

Xenon technology is still sometimes required for special purposes such as fluorescence imaging as detailed further in the text below. When Xenon units are necessary, the range in power varies from 100 to 300 W. The wattage of a light source is not necessarily indicative of its brightness but reflects the energy required to power it. This does not directly correlate to its output, which is measured in lumens. As a result, wattage alone is not valid for comparison of light sources of different types. For example, an LED 150 W light source emits the amount of light similar to a 175 W xenon light source [1–5].