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43 43 Chang, L., Petros, J., Hess, D.T. et al. (2007). Integrating simulation into a surgical residency program: is voluntary participation effective? Surg. Endosc. 21: 418–421.

44 44 Porte, M.C., Xeroulis, G., Reznick, R.K. et al. (2007). Verbal feedback from an expert is more effective than self‐accessed feedback about motion efficiency in learning new surgical skills. Am. J. Surg. 193: 105–110.

45 45 Palter, V.N. and Grantcharov, T.P. (2014). Individualized deliberate practice on a virtual reality simulator improves technical performance of surgical novices in the operating room: a randomized controlled trial. Ann. Surg. 259: 443–448.

46 46 Spruit, E.N., Band, G.P., and Hamming, J.F. (2015). Increasing efficiency of surgical training: effects of spacing practice on skill acquisition and retention in laparoscopy training. Surg. Endosc. 29: 2235–2243.