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To get the operating income, you just add up all the costs listed in the preceding three sections and then subtract that number from the gross margin. Because the operating income represents the amount of money a company has left over after it has paid for all its standard operations, companies need to consider it when planning whether to expand, whether to use equity or debt to fund expansion, and how much money they can borrow and safely pay back using their primary operations. Operating income is also useful in other metrics, such as liquidity, which I cover in ssss1.

Over the course of doing business, a company incurs costs or generates income from a number of activities that aren’t related to the company’s normal operations. The goal in this portion of the income statement is to account for all these other costs and revenues so the company can make smart financial decisions on debt and so it knows how much to pay in taxes. The final calculation in this portion is called earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT), and it includes the following elements: