Читать книгу Dry Beans and Pulses Production, Processing, and Nutrition онлайн

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ssss1 Open bean flower is already self‐pollinated. The immature bud in the background is used to make a cross pollination with pollen from another open flower. (For color detail, please see color plate section.)

Source: Original image by author, J.D. Kelly.

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The final steps in the release of future new varieties are orchestrated by the breeder who collects and assembles data on the elite lines for agronomic, disease resistance, quality, and performance traits. A minimum of three to four years of yield testing over 20–30 location‐years is needed to support the release of a new variety. In addition to agronomic and disease resistance data, a battery of information on visual canning quality, texture, processed color is also needed. The complied information is reviewed by a committee(s) of breeders, agronomists, pathologists, food scientists, extensionists, and industry personnel to determine if the new elite line has characteristics superior to current varieties and has no recognized deficiency or weaknesses. In the case of public breeders, the final decision to release a new variety is made by university administration in agreement with the offices that handle intellectual property (IP) rights at the institution. For most public institutions, new varieties may be released under an exclusive license agreement to a specific company or more broadly to grower associations depending on interest and demand for the variety. Often a royalty fee, assessed on seed sales of the variety, is collected and returned to the university for distribution based on the institution’s IP policies.