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Two additional Syriac documents on parchment emerged more recently from the antiquities market; they originate from Batnae in Osrhoene and date back to 240 and 242 CE respectively (P. Euphr. 19 and 20; ed. Drijvers and Healey 1999: P2 and P3). They record a transfer of debt and a lease of repossessed property respectively, and they have been used in the study of how Osrhoenians represented their sociopolitical context and interacted with it (Millar 1993: 478–479; Andrade 2015). Traces of the complexity of this relationship come from similar documents that use both Greek and Syriac languages: P. Euphr. 6 (with its duplicate P. Euphr. 7, dated to 249 CE) contains a Greek bill of sale of a slave, which, however, is accompanied by a Syriac summary and a Syriac list of witnesses and guarantors (Feissel et al. 1997). Syriac subscriptions are also found on the Greek P. Euphr. 3 (together with its duplicate P. Euphr. 4; Feissel and Gascou 1995), which also qualifies as the earliest known instance of Syriac on papyrus, written before 256 CE (see ssss1; Feissel and Gascou 1989; Butts 2011b).


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