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A. P.

D. P.

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Savonarola By Fra Bartolomeo Frontispiece FACING PAGE William the Silent ssss1 Tycho Brahe ssss1 Cervantes 80 Giordano Bruno 99 Grotius ssss1 Voltaire 148 Hans Christian Andersen 174 Mazzini From portrait by Felix Moscheles 202 William Lloyd Garrison 224 Thoreau 246 Tolstoy From Aylmer Maude’s “Life of Tolstoy.” Constable, London ssss1

REBELS AND REFORMERS

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Should the whole army of my enemies be arrayed against me, my heart will not quake: for Thou art my refuge and wilt lead me to my latter end.

Most of us are very easily persuaded to do what every one else does, because it is so much less trouble. It is disagreeable to be sneered at or abused. Now and again we may do something because we know it to be right at the risk of causing displeasure, but it is very hard to keep on through a lifetime fighting against popular opinion or opposing those who are considered our superiors and whom all the world look up to as set in authority over us. The orders of those in command, those who govern, those who set the fashion, and those who have riches with all the laws and traditions behind them, are what is called authority. If you defy authority from stupidity, obstinacy, or perversity, it is merely foolish; but if you defy authority because you are convinced that what you think is right, it is a very difficult thing to do; and in doing it you are likely to make far more enemies than friends. It is much easier to accept things as they are, to think of your own enjoyment first and foremost, and let others do the wrangling while you look on. But the mere spectators in life are no help to any one, not even to themselves. Life is conflict. It is to the fighters who, with a clear vision of better things, have bravely fought the evil around them that we owe any changes for the better in the history of the world.