Читать книгу Counselling in Europe. Training, Standards, Research, 'Culture' & Information about 39 Countries онлайн

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Theoretically, counselling training has its roots in philosophy, psychology and social science. It is broad-based and has drawn from a broad spectrum of scientific research. Buber’s concept of the 'I-Thou' relationship has been one of the fundamental philosophical underpinnings. At the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, Freudian psychoanalysis and its variations spread north to Germany, south to Switzerland and across the Atlantic to the United States. The early twentieth-century behaviourism of Pavlov, Watson and Skinner was influential in forming therapies for addictions.

The first university course on couple counselling was established in 1937. In 1943 the first training manual in counselling for social workers was published. The decade of the 1930s saw the setting up of Hirschfeld marriage consultation bureaux in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and the Netherlands and the Scandinavian countries. In the countries where Hitler gained control, he annexed these bureaux to his evil purposes. Fortunately, as first conceived, these bureaux’s work continued in the United States, Britain, and Eastern European countries such as the Czech Republic, beyond Hitler’s reach. The centre in Prague was closed down in the communist putsch in 1948 and re-established again in 1967. The work done includes premarital, marital, post-divorce, parenting, psychological problems, and psychological assistance in life crises and problems in relationships with colleagues, neighbours and friends.