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The understanding is, therefore, a unit.

According to Gall, there are as many particular kinds of intellect as there are distinct faculties of the mind. According to him, each faculty has its perception, its memory, its judgment, will, &c., that is to say, all the attributes of the understanding, properly so called.[25]

“All the intellectual faculties,” says he, “are endowed with the perceptive faculty, with attention, recollection, memory, judgment, and imagination.”[26]

Thus each faculty perceives, remembers, judges, imagines, compares, creates; but these are trifles—for each faculty reasons. “Whenever,” says Gall, “a faculty compares and judges of the relations of analogous or different ideas, there is an act of comparison, there is an act of judgment: a sequence of comparisons and judgments constitutes reasoning,” &c.[27]

Therefore, each and every faculty is an understanding by itself, and Gall says so expressly. “There are,” says he, “as many different kinds of intellect or understanding as there are distinct faculties.”[28] “Each distinct faculty,” says he, further, “is intellect or understanding—each individual intelligence (the words are precise) has its proper organ.”[29]