Читать книгу The Book of Shells. Containing the Classes Mollusca, Conchifera, Cirrhipeda, Annulata, and Crustacea онлайн

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According to Pliny, the Tyrians removed the finest colouring-matter out of the largest shells, in order to possess it in a more pure state, and to extract it more effectually, but obtained the colour from the smaller by grinding them in mills. He adds, that when the Purpuræ were caught, the receptacle which contained the dyeing-liquor was taken out and laid in salt for three days; and that after a sufficiency of the matter had been collected, it was boiled slowly in leaden vessels over a gentle fire, the workman scumming off from time to time the fleshy impurities. This process lasted ten days, after which the liquor was tried by dipping wool into it, and if the colour produced by it was defective, the boiling was renewed.

Other colouring-matters were employed sometimes to economize, and at other times to vary the effect of the liquors of the Purpuræ. Among these Pliny enumerates Fucus marinus, or Archil, and the Anchusa tinctoria, or Alkanet, both of which are still used as dyes. By these and other means, the purple colour was made to assume a variety of shades, some inclining more to the blue, and others to the crimson.