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“The scroll-like lines drawn by the swimming beetle (Dyticus), with the large, sharp points of its hind tibia, are also very instructive (Fig. 119, A).

Fig. 119.—A, trail curves described by the tibial spines of the right and left hind limb of Dyticus. B, the same made by the right hind leg (r3) alone. Natural size.—After Graber.

Fig. 120.—The same by the two hind legs of Melolontha: a, the active and thickened section of the curve. Natural size.

Fig. 121.—A, track curves of two of the tibial spines of the left, middle legs of a stag-beetle. Natural size. B, the same enlarged; fg, the longitudinal axis of the trunk; cd and ab, the active curve passing inward,—bc and de, the passive going outward. C, two curves described by the left hind legs; in this case, the curves are not inwards or backwards, but partly directly inward (b), and in part obliquely forwards (a).

“The diversions and modifications in the course of the active step, as furnished by the moving factor of the remaining legs, are already clearly illustrated by the curves shown by the joints of the hind tibia of a May-beetle (Fig. 120) and a stag-beetle (Fig. 121, c). The actual faint line in this case does not run from the front toward the back, as would correspond to the active leg-motion, but either directly inward (Fig. 121, cb), or even somewhat to the front. In the May-beetles, and even more in the running garden-beetle, the curves of the hind legs present themselves as screw-like lines (Fig. 122, l3), while the scrawling of the remaining members (l1, l2) is much simpler.