Читать книгу A Text-book of Entomology онлайн

43 страница из 232

Vosseler distinguishes in the cuticle two layers of different physical and chemical characters. Besides the external chitinous layer there is an inner layer which entirely agrees with cellulose. (Zool. Centralblatt, ii, 1895, p. 117.)

The reparative nature of chitin is seen in the fact that Verhoeff finds that a wound on an adult Carabus, and presumably on other insects, is speedily closed, not merely by a clot of blood, but by a new growth of chitin.

The segments are merely thickenings of the skin connected by folds or duplications of the integument, and not actually separate or individual rings or segments. This is shown by longitudinal (sagittal) sections through the body, and also by soaking or boiling the entire insect in caustic potash, when it is seen that the integument is continuous and not actually subdivided into separate somites or arthromeres, since they are seen to be connected by a thin intersegmental membrane (Fig. 16). But this segmentation or metamerism of the integument is, however, the external indication of the segmentation of the arthropodan body most probably inherited from the worms, being a disposition of the soft parts which is characteristic of the vermian type. This segmentation of the integument is correlated with the serial repetition of the ganglia of the nervous system, of the ostia of the dorsal vessel, the primitive disposition of the segmental and reproductive organs, of the soft, muscular dissepiments which correspond to the suture between the segments, and with the metameric arrangement of the muscles controlling the movements of the segments on each other, and which internal segmentation or metamerism is indicated very early in embryonic life by the mesoblastic somites.