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Fig. 24.—Presumed larva of Nemoptera (Necrophilus arenarius), Pyramids of Egypt.—After Roux, from Sharp.

While the head is originally composed of probably not less than six segments, these are in the adult insect fused together into a capsule or hard chitinous box, the epicranium, with no distinct traces of the primitive segments. The head contains the brain and accessory ganglia, the mouth or buccal cavity, also the air-sacs in many winged forms, and gives support to the external organs of sense, the antennæ, and to the buccal appendages, the larger part of the interior being filled with the muscles moving these structures. The solid walls of the head serve as a lever or support for the attachment of these muscles, especially those of the mandibles. Thus there is a correlation between the large size of the mandibles of the soldier white ants and ants, the head being correspondingly large to accommodate the great mandibular muscles. The other extreme is seen in the larva of Necrophilus (Fig. 24), with its long slender neck and diminutive head.