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Alternatively, a balloon‐tipped fixation trocar or a dilating “Olive” can be added to the trocar can be placed to seal the leak [1, 14].

Multiple types of cannula–trocar assemblies are available in human and veterinary medicine. They can be divided into reusable or single use, rigid or flexible, and by the various fixation methods they used. Various designs of each type are available. Although the initial cost of a reusable trocar assembly is high, the per‐use cost is significantly less than that of disposable types. However, reusable trocars can be difficult to sterilize because of the number of small parts that comprise the valve and gas inlet assemblies. Additionally, over time, the tips can become blunt and the valves leaky and stiff. Some manufacturers now offer a combination type using a reusable sleeve and piercing stylus in conjunction with a single‐use valve assembly.

Disposable cannulas are very common in human medicine, but their cost limits their use in veterinary medicine. There are multiple different types of disposable trocars, including bladeless trocars with safety shields (ssss1), inflatable flanges to help with retention, and optical trocars (ssss1). Optical trocars have a transparent plastic sleeve, into which the laparoscope may be fitted before insertion of the trocar, enabling the surgeon to monitor the passage of the instrument through the layers of the abdominal wall. The internal surface of the sleeve must be nonreflective to avoid light from the laparoscope interfering with the surgeon's view.