Читать книгу Lost Worlds of 1863. Relocation and Removal of American Indians in the Central Rockies and the Greater Southwest онлайн

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ssss1 Chief Winnemucca (or Old Winnemucca), ca. 1870. Noe and Lee Studio, Virginia City, Nevada.

Courtesy of the Nevada Historical Society.

ssss1 Sarah Winnemucca (Thocmetony). Numu/Northern Paiute.

Courtesy of Nevada Historical Society.

ssss1 The Winnemucca Family: Sarah Winnemucca (Thocmetony), Old Chief Winnemucca, Sarah’s brother, Natches (Natchez or “boy”), Captain Jim (Pyramid Lake Chieftain), and unidentified boy. The youngster was identified by Joe Ely, Historian of the Intertribal Council of Nevada as Ed Winnemucca, adopted by Sarah. She found him abandoned in a barn during an Indian war. Photo likely taken in Washington, D.C. in 1880. Information by Catherine Magee, Director, Nevada Historical Society.

Like the Apache and Navajo, an important ritual for the Paiute was the menarche or puberty rite. After her first menstrual period, the young girl would be isolated for four days in a special hut built by the girl’s mother. During this time she would take cold baths, undergo steaming in a pit, and avoid all the taboos against drinking cold drinks, touching her hair or face, and eating animal food and eggs. Again, like the Apache Sunrise Ceremony, she could only scratch her head with a stick and not with her fingers. She would run in the direction of the sunrise in the morning and sunset in the evening. On the morning of the fifth day the ceremony would close with a cold water bath. At subsequent menses she would use the head scratcher, avoid men, and wash her entire body. Akin to puberty rites elsewhere, the ceremonies and rituals were as important for the community as for the individual.¹⁹