Читать книгу Lost Worlds of 1863. Relocation and Removal of American Indians in the Central Rockies and the Greater Southwest онлайн
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Owens Valley Paiute housing took a variety of forms. Most Paiutes had a “mountain house” that was a high altitude structure (above 6000 feet) used during fall and winter consisting of two upright posts with side beams sloped from the ground in the shape of a tent. The roof was made of pine boughs. The winter “valley house” was larger in diameter, 15 to 20 feet, built around a 2-foot deep pit with tules and earth covering the outside. Summer houses were simple semicircular brush windbreaks, not unlike the general Great Basin wikiup. The most durable structure was the sweathouse or communal assembly lodge, a semi-subterranean house that could be as much as 25 feet in diameter. It was used as a men’s house or dormitory, a community meeting house, a sweathouse, and a ceremonial center. The erection of a sweathouse was supervised by the group’s headman, who also nominally owned and maintained the structure.13
Like their eastern cousins, the Western Shoshone of southern Nevada—individuals, nuclear, and extended families—moved freely between communities and tribelets, which, again like the Shoshone, named their subgroups after food sources. For example, the Kuyui Pah (Pyramid Lake) Paiutes were known as Kuyuidokado or Cui-Ui Ticutta (kuyui eaters). The kuyui (or cui-ui) is a bottom feeder sucker ancient to, and found only in, Pyramid Lake and sacred to the Numu. Likewise, the Carson City Paiutes were known as “tule eaters,” while the Mono Indians of California were “brine fly eaters.”14