Читать книгу Lost Worlds of 1863. Relocation and Removal of American Indians in the Central Rockies and the Greater Southwest онлайн
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The Pyramid Lake War of 1860 was followed by the Mud Lake Massacre of March 1865 when old men and women, as well as children and little babies, were burnt alive, including one of Chief Winnemucca’s wives, Tuboitony.6 The disintegration of the Pyramid Lake Reservation led these Northern Paiutes to wander from federal reservation to federal reservation, from army camp to army camp—first at Camp McDermit in northern Nevada, then the Malheur Reservation in Oregon, and after the Bannock War of 1878, to the Yakama Reservation beyond the Columbia River in Washington. The latter was a forced march that became, for the Paiutes, their own “Trail of Tears.”
After the Dawes Act of 1887 the Paiutes were to be given 160 acres on an individual basis for parcels of marginal land. Many received nothing, and instead they were forced to form small ghettos adjacent to white communities in hopes of doing odd and dirty jobs the white man or woman would not do. It is not surprising then that the ancient Ghost Dance Religion would be revived in hopes of restoring the traditional Paiute values of homeland, family, community, and identity—a heaven on earth that would exclude the white outsider.