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ssss1 Packaging machine used to form, fill, and seal retail bean packages.

The 100‐pound bags may be shipped as palletized lots or may be directly loaded into the cargo container or truck van by stacking them in a linear manner or aligning the bags in a nested configuration. It is frequently a common practice to load these containers using a pusher pallet loading system with a forklift truck. With this mechanical handling, system bags are stacked on a frame pallet and then slid forward off of the pallet during loading. Additionally, bags may be wrapped using thermal shrink‐wrap film material (polypropylene) to secure them in pallet size lots to minimize load shifting. Markets have also been developed in warehouse outlets and hypermarkets (superstores) using sacks of less than 100 pounds for direct retail use. These packages may be similarly designed using woven polypropylene in 10‐ to 25‐pound bags (Roberston and Frazier 1978; Uebersax and Siddiq 2012).