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The annexation by Rome of the Herodian states around 92 ce fits in with the general policy of integrating client states into the province. Although there had been, outside of Judaea, temporary annexations (such as that of Commagene between 17 and 37–38 ce), or definitely those of smaller states – the Amanus kingdom in 17 ce and Palmyra in c. 12–17 ce), the policy of annexation became more systematic starting with the Flavians. Beginning in 72 ce, Vespasian annexed Commagene and its Cilician Trachaea domains, then the principality of Emesa around 72–75 ce, and that of Arca probably a bit earlier, while the principality of Aristobulus of Chalcis disappeared sometime before 92 ce. The tiny tetrarchs of the Lebanese mountains or the Bargylus uplands further to the north were also destined to disappear during this period: in 115 ce, a descendant of these tetrarchs, Lucius Julius Agrippa, no longer visibly ruled over his ancestral lands and was content to demonstrate his euergetism in Apamea. The annexation of the Nabataean kingdom in 106 ce by Trajan, most likely occurring when Rabbel II died, put an end to the presence of client states to the west of the Euphrates. From then on, Rome administered her possessions by way of three provinces: the original province of Syria with its capital Antioch, governed by an imperial legate of the rank of senator; the province of Judaea, severed from Syria by Vespasian in 68 ce and governed from Caesarea by an imperial legate of praetorian rank until 134 ce, and after that by an imperial legate of consular rank, when it took on the name of Syria-Palaestina; and finally Arabia with its capital Bostra, covering the entire expanse of the Nabataean kingdom from the Hauran all the way to the Hejaz (Hegra marking its southern boundary), entrusted to an imperial legate of praetorian rank.

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