Читать книгу Resilience. Persistence and Change in Landscape Forms онлайн

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A landscape is called “primary”:

... when it has undergone no major changes since its formation at a given moment in the Middle Ages [...] In this case, as a general rule, it will have been formed over a relatively short period of time and following a pre-established plan, most often in a context of collective clearing. (Verhulst 1995, pp. 48–49)ssss1

The degree to which land systems were planned appears to have played a role in their fixation, limiting possibilities for future evolution, notably in the direction of plot inequality, since the plan covered the entirety of the townlands before they were put into agricultural use. Furthermore, the length and breadth of parcels were pre-defined from the outset. The limited scope for evolution in such cases facilitates reconstitution on the basis of later sources (Verhulst 1995, pp. 48, 52–53). In this case, the hardness (dureté) indicated by the persistence of architectural constructions (ssss1) is a result of the planning process. As the historian Raymond Chevallier wrote in 1958: