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Consciousness has always been considered as the ultimate characteristic for true intelligence. Qualia [85, 86] is the philosophical view of consciousness and is related to the subjective sensory qualities like “the redness of red” that humans have in their mind. If at some point machines can understand this concept and objectively measure such things, then the ultimate goal can be marked as accomplished.

Robots still struggle at performing a wide spectrum of tasks effortlessly and smoothly, and this is mainly due to actuator technology as currently most electrical motors are used. Advances in artificial muscles and skin sensors that could cover the entire embodiment of the agent would be essential to fully mitigate the human experience in the real world and eventually unlock the desired cognition [87].

One more key component for cognition is the ability to grow and evolve over time 88, 90. It is easy to evolve the agent's controller via an evolutionary algorithm, but it is not enough. If we aim to have completely different agents, we might as well give them the ability to evolve in terms of embodiment and the sensors as well. This again requires the abovementioned artificial cell organism to encode different physical attributes in them and flip them slightly over time. Of course, we are far from this to become reality, but it is always good to know the furthermost step that has to be done one day.