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Dr. Murray observes that, in this arrangement, he places in the first division those substances which exert a GENERAL STIMULANT operation on the system. Of this there are two sub-divisions, the Diffusible and the Permanent; the former including the class of Narcotics, with which may be associated, as not very remote in their operation, the class of Antispasmodics; the latter comprising two classes, viz. Tonics and Astringents. Through these there is a gradual transition from the most highly diffusible stimulant, to those most slow and durable in their action.

A second division comprehends Local Stimulants, those, the action of which is determined to particular parts of the system. Such are the classes of Emetics, Cathartics, Emmenagogues, Diuretics, Diaphoretics, Expectorants, and Sialogogues; with which may be associated the classes of Errhines and of Epispastics, founded on direct local application.

The remaining classes include substances which do not operate according to laws peculiar to the living system. To one division may be referred those, whose effects depend on the Chemical changes they produce in the fluids or solids; the classes which may be established on this principle are Refrigerants, Antacids, Lithonthriptics, and Escharotics. To another division belong those, the operation of which is purely Mechanical, as Anthelmintics, Demulcents, Diluents, Emollients, and certain Laxatives.