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“These two systems are absolutely independent of each other within the wing. Their existence is simultaneous but not conjoint. One is functionally active after the third moult; the other waits the final transformation before becoming active.”

Fig. 145.—A, section of wing-bud of larva of Pieris brassicæ of stage I, in front of the invagination pit. B, section passing through the invagination pit. C, section of same in stage II, through the invagination pit;—D, behind it, making the bud appear independent of the thoracic wall. E, wing-bud at the beginning of the 3d larval stage, section passing almost through the pedicel or hypodermic insertion, the traces of which appear at hi; h, hypodermis; t or tr, trachea; i, opening of invagination; ec, embryonic cells; l, external layer or envelope; in, internal wall of the wing; ex, external wall; s, cell of a tactile hair; tc, capillary tubes; c, cavity of invagination.—After Gonin.

Evagination of the wing outside of the body.

Six or seven days after the last larval moult the chitinous wall is formed, the wing remaining transparent. It grows rapidly and its lower edge extends near the legs. It is now much crumpled on the edge, owing to its rapid growth within the limits of its own segment. Partly from being somewhat retracted, and partly owing to the irregularity of its surface, the wing gradually separates from its envelope, and the cavity of invagination (Fig. 145, c) becomes more like a distinct or real space. The outer opening of the alary sac enlarges quite plainly, though without reaching the level of the edge of the wing.