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Fig. 52.—A, Pupa of Phryganea pilosa.—After Pictet. B, mandibles of pupa of Molanna angustata.—After Sharp.

Fig. 53.—Pupa of Micropteryx purpuriella, front view: md, mandibles; mx.p, maxillary palpus, end drawn separately; mx.’p, labial palpi; lb, labrum; A, another view from a cast skin.

The three distal divisions of the maxilla are called, respectively, beginning with the innermost, the lacinia, galea, and palpifer, the latter being a lobe or segment bearing the palpus. The lacinia is more or less jaw-like and armed on the inner edge with either flexible or stiff bristles, spines, or teeth, which are very variable in shape and are of use as stiff brushes in pollen-eating beetles, etc. The galea is either single-jointed and helmet-shaped or subspatulate, as in most Orthoptera, or 2–jointed in Gryllotalpa, or lacinia-like in Myrmeleon (Fig. 55, C); or, in the Carabidæ (Fig. 56) and Cicindelidæ, it is 2–jointed and in form and function like a palpus.

Fig. 54.—A, maxilla of Termopsis angusticollis. B, Termes flavipes: c, cardo; sti, stipes; plpgr, palpiger; palp, palpus; lac, lacinia; g, gal, galea.