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Fig. 63.—Selandria larva, common on Carya porcina, with details of mouth-parts: leg, leg; mx, maxilla; gal, galea; lac, lacinia.

The second maxillæ.

Fig. 64.—Maxilla of Eriocephala calthella: l, lacinia; g, galea; mx.p, maxillary palpus; st, stipes; c, cardo.—After Walter.

The second maxillæ are very much differentiated and vary greatly in the different orders, being especially modified in the haustellate or suctorial orders, notably the Hymenoptera and Diptera. In the mandibulate orders, particularly the Orthoptera, where they are most generalized and primitive in shape and structure, they consist of the following parts: the gula (a postgula is present in Dermaptera), submentum (lora of Cheshire, i, p. 91), mentum, palpifer, the latter bearing the palpi; the lingua (ligula) and paraglossæ, while the hypopharynx or lingua is situated on the upper side. The labial palpi are of the same general shape as those of the first maxillæ, but shorter, with very rarely more than three joints, though in Pteronarcys there are four. Leon has detected vestigial labial palpi in several Hemiptera (Fig. 73). As to the exact nature and limits of the gula, we are not certain; it is not always present, and may be only a differentiation of the submentum, or the latter piece may be regarded as a part of the gula.