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Fig. 65.—Second maxillæ of Termopsis angusticollis: li, the homologue of the lacinia; le, galea.

In the metabolic orders above the Neuroptera the lingua is variously modified, or specialized, with no vestiges of the lacinia or galea, except in that very primitive moth, Eriocephala, in which Walter found a minute free galea, me, and an inner lobe (Figs. 76, 77), the lacinia.

Fig. 66.—Second maxillæ of Pteronarcys californica.

Fig. 67.—Second maxillæ of Myrmeleon diversum.

Fig. 68.—Second maxillæ of Mantispa brunnea.

The hypopharynx.

In all insects this organ—whether forming a soft, tongue-like, anterior portion or fold of the labium, and “continuous with the lower wall of the pharynx,” or a hard, piercing, awl-like appendage (fleas and flies), or a long, slender, hairy or setose, trough-like structure like the “tongue” of the honey-bee—has a definite location at the end and on the upper side of the labium, and serves to receive at its base the external opening of the salivary duct.

The hypopharynx, as well shown in its lingua condition in Orthoptera, is continuous with and forms the anterior part or fold of the base of the coalesced second maxillæ. It does not seem to be paired, or to represent a pair of appendages.