Читать книгу Approaching Victimology as social science for Human rights a Spanish perspective онлайн

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In relation to Part B of that UN Resolution, victims of abuse of power mean:

“18. “Persons who, individually or collectively, have suffered harm, including physical or mental injury, emotional suffering, economic loss or substantial impairment of their fundamental rights, through acts or omissions that do not yet constitute violations of national criminal laws but of internationally recognized norms relating to human rights.

19. States should consider incorporating into the national law norms proscribing abuses of power and providing remedies to victims of such abuses. In particular, such remedies should include restitution and/or compensation, and necessary material, medical, psychological and social assistance and support”.

There remains a crucial aspect on the topic of the objective dimension of the notion of the victim, particularly if considered the initial definition of Victimology provided in this book. That objective dimension should not be restricted to the crime/victimisation, traumatic event/suffering/harm, but, as part of that objective dimensions, the justice/reparation/recovery/emancipation processes should be included, beyond a linear thought of steps where one phase (victimisation) progressively follows the other (de-victimisation). The reality is that on many occasions the de-victimisation (Echeburúa and Cruz, 2015) or reparation has to do with previous individual and social experiences, or with experiences that happened right after what is called crime or around its immediate impact. If we focus only on a static definition and understanding of crime, we will not truly comprehend the processes of victimisation and its aftermath. When stating the need for justice of victims, it should be considered that there are many conceptions and definitions of justice (social justice, criminal justice, punitive justice, restorative justice, procedural justice, ecological justice, and etcetera). In order to be more comprehensive, some of them find it necessary to depart from the concrete experience of the injustice suffered by the victims (Braithwaite, 2020, p. 19; Reyes Mate, 2011; Shklar, 1990; Pemberton, 2020), instead of abstract legal or philosophical notions of justice.