Читать книгу A History of Roman Art онлайн

28 страница из 48

753 BCE Founding of Rome by Romulus 753–509 BCE Regal Period of Rome, rule by kings 670–650 BCE Regolini‐Galassi tomb, Cerveteri 600–550 BCE Tomb of the Shields and Chairs, Cerveteri 535–509 BCE Rome’s last king, Tarquin the Proud, rules the city 530 BCE Tomb of the Augurs, Tomb of Hunting and Fishing, Tarquinia 525 BCE Terracotta sarcophagus from Cerveteri 510 BCE Apollo of Portonaccio sanctuary, Veii 509 BCE inauguration of the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus 480 BCE Tomb of the Diver, Paestum 474 BCE Battle of Cumae, Greeks defeat Etruscans 470 BCE Tomb of the Leopards, Tarquinia 396 BCE Romans besiege and defeat Veii, one of the twelve major Etruscan cities 390 BCE Gallic sack of Rome 386 BCE “Servian wall” built around Rome 364 BCE First theatrical performance in Rome 338 BCE Ostia, Rome’s first colony, established 300 BCE Bronze bust of a man “Brutus” 273 BCE Colonies at Paestum and Cosa founded 264 BCE The first gladiatorial games in Rome at the funeral of Junius Brutus Pera 264–241 BCE First Punic War 218–202 BCE Second Punic War 212 BCE Sack of Syracuse 211 BCE Triumph of Marcus Claudius Marcellus 168 BCE Battle of Pydna, victory of Aemilius Paullus over Perseus of Macedon 146 BCE Destruction of Carthage and Corinth 91–88 BCE Social War 89 BCE Siege of Pompeii by Sulla 80 BCE House of the Faun renovated; amphitheater and basilica begun at Pompeii 73–71 BCE Revolt of Spartacus 62 BCEPons Fabricius built 61 BCE Pompey’s Triple Triumph 55 BCE Pompey’s Theater, first permanent theater in Rome, built 46 BCE Forum of Caesar dedicated 44 BCE Assassination of Julius Caesar 40 BCE Decoration of Mysteries Suite in the Villa of the Mysteries 31 BCE Battle of Actium, Octavian/Augustus defeats Antony and Cleopatra 28 BCE Mausoleum of Augustus begun; Temple of Apollo dedicated 27 BCE Octavian takes the name Imperator Caesar Augustus; Livy’s monumental History of Rome begins appearing 20 BCE Original of the Prima Porta Augustus statue 19 BCE Death of Roman poet, Vergil, publication of his Aeneid 15 BCE earliest examples of Third Style wall painting; construction of Caesarea Maritima 14 BCE Basilica Aemilia reliefs 13 BCE Ara Pacis Augustae vowed 12 BCE Via Labicana portrait 9 BCE Ara Pacis Augustae inaugurated 2 BCE Forum Augustum inaugurated 14 CE Death of Augustus; succession of Tiberius 14–37 CE Tiberius as emperor 20–26 CE sculpture groups created 37–41 CE Caligula as emperor 37 CE Portrait of Caligula 41–54 CE Claudius as emperor 43 CE Invasion of Britain c. 51 CEGrand Camée; Ravenna relief 52 CE Porta Maggiore gate constructed 54–68 CE Nero as emperor 59 CE Amphitheater riot at Pompeii 62 CE Domus Transitoria of Nero after 62 CE Temple of Isis and House of Octavius Quartio rebuilt at Pompeii 64 CE Domus Aurea of Nero begun 69–79 CE Vespasian as emperor 71 CE Flavian Triumph for Jewish War 75 CE Temple of Peace dedicated 79–81 CE portrait of Titus as magistrate 79 CE Sacellum of the Augustales, Herculaneum 80 CE Inauguration of the Colosseum 81–96 CE Domitian as emperor 81 CE Arch of Titus dedicated 92 CE Domus Flaviana, Flavian Palace, built 93 CE Cancelleria reliefs ca. 94 CE Tomb of the Haterii 96–98 CE Nerva as emperor 98–117 CE Trajan as emperor 103 CE Trajan’s new harbor of Portus at Ostia begun 106 CE Conclusion of the Dacian War; conquest of Petra and Nabatean kingdom 109 CE Adamclisi victory monument built 112 CE Forum of Trajan inaugurated 113 CE Column of Trajan dedicated 114 CE Arch of Trajan, Beneventum 117–138 CE Hadrian as emperor 118 CE Villa of Hadrian begun 120 CE Hadrian’s Wall begun 126 CE Pantheon completed 130 CE Hadrianic roundels 138–161 CE Antoninus Pius as emperor 140 CE Baths of the Seven Sages, Ostia 147 CE Faustina the Younger portrait bust 160 CE Hercules sarcophagus 161–180 CE Marcus Aurelius as emperor 161–169 CE Lucius Verus co‐emperor with Marcus Aurelius 161–166 CE Parthian War 161 CE Column of Antoninus Pius 165 CE Alcestis sarcophagus 176 CE Arch of Marcus Aurelius begun 180–192 CE Portonaccio sarcophagus 192 CE Column of Marcus Aurelius completed; Commodus bust 193 CE Civil War and Year of the Six Emperors 193–211 CE Septimius Severus as emperor 193 CE Julia Domna portrait from Gabii 197 CE Invasion of the Parthian Empire 200 CE Painted portrait of Severan family 203 CE Arch of Septimius Severus dedicated in Rome; Forma Urbis Romae begun; Julia Domna portrait from Ostia 204 CE Arch of the Argentarii erected 211–217 CE Caracalla as emperor 216 CE Baths of Caracalla dedicated; Farnese Bull and Farnese Hercules sculptures 218–222 CE Elagabalus as emperor 222–235 CE Alexander Severus as emperor c. 225 CEAchilles and Penthesilia sarcophagus 238 CE Acilia sarcophagus 244–249 CE portrait bust of Philip the Arab; Synagogue at Dura Europus 249–251 CE portrait of Decius 250 CE Mattei Lion Hunt sarcophagus 253–260 CE Valerian as emperor 260 CE Relief of Emperor Valerian kneeling before Shapur I 260–270 CE Good Shepherd sarcophagus 270–275 CE Aurelian wall built around Rome 284–305 CE Tetrarchy founded with Diocletian and Maximian as joint rulers 298–303 CE Arch of Galerius, Thessaloniki c. 300 CETetrarchs porphyry statue group; Villa of Piazza Armerina built 303 CE Decennalia monument dedicated 306 CE Baths of Diocletian dedicated 310 CE Basilica at Trier built 312 CE Arch of Constantine begun; Basilica Nova completed 313 CE Edict of Milan issued legalizing Christian worship 315 CE Colossal portrait of Constantine from the Basilica Nova 324 CE Final defeat of Licinius and unification of empire under the rule of Constantine 330 CE Porphyry sarcophagus of Constantina; Lullingstone mosaic 336–337 CE Bronze portrait of Constantine 340 CE Low Ham Villa and mosaic 359 CE Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus 476 CE Abdication of Romulus Augustulus, last emperor of the Western Empire 955–983 CE Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor 1453 CE Fall of Constantinople to Ottoman Empire 1806 CE Arc de Triomphe commissioned in Paris 1865 CE Apotheosis of Washington fresco