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Instrument jaws come in a variety of shapes and sizes according to their intended function as graspers, dissectors, scissors, retractors, biopsy forceps, or needle holders. The working end of an endoscopic instrument may have a single‐ or double‐action mechanism (ssss1). With single‐action instruments, one side of the jaw is hinged so that it opens and closes against a stationary opposing jaw. Double‐action working ends are hinged in both jaws, allowing both sides to open and close and resulting in a wider and often stronger grasp.

ssss1 Examples of a single‐action jaw mechanism (left) and a double‐action jaw mechanism (right).

Source: © 2014 Photo courtesy of KARL STORZ SE & CO, KG.

Both disposable, single‐use instruments and reusable instruments are available. For veterinary practice, reusable instruments are more economical. Early instrument designs may be more difficult to adequately clean and sterilize than more current designs, a fact that should be considered when purchasing laparoscopic equipment. Instruments are available as single‐piece or as modular units, depending on the manufacturer, and can be made of high‐grade plastic or stainless steel. There are benefits for each design type. Single‐piece instruments avoid the possibility of mismatching components; however, as mentioned previously, older models may be difficult to decontaminate. Newer designs have portals that allow for cleaning of the shaft lumen. They also avoid nooks and crevices that are difficult to reach, making cleaning and decontamination easier. Modular units allow for the use of a variety of shafts and working ends with the same handles. Additionally, individual components are easier to thoroughly clean, can be sterilized separately or as a complete instrument, and can be replaced if they break rather than replacing the entire instrument.