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Source: © 2014 Photo courtesy of KARL STORZ GmbH & Co. KG.

Several different kinds of retractors are available for human MIS. Of these, only the fan retractor is regularly used in veterinary surgery (ssss1b). The fan retractor consists of a straight shaft with a series of flat blades at the end that distend in the shape of a paper fan when the outer sheath of the shaft is rotated. The completely opened retractor is sturdy and is used to retract organs with large surface areas, such as the liver or intestines. It is often used for advanced procedures such as laparoscopic cholecystectomy or adrenalectomy. Fan retractors are available in both 5‐ and 10 mm diameter sizes.

ssss1 (A). Palpation probe with centimeter markings. Inset shows detail of the instrument tip. (B). Fan retractor. Inset shows detail of the collapsible fan blades at the working end.

Source: © 2014 Photo courtesy of KARL STORZ SE & CO, KG.

ssss1 Retractors used in human minimally invasive surgery (from top to bottom): Cuschieri retractor with end deployed (A); retractor for gastric banding, with close‐up of working end (inset) (B); Leroy H‐retractor, with close‐up of working end (inset) (C); and Leroy T‐retractor with end deployed, with inset showing the closed end (D).