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Another landmark in the 1930s was when the Hungarian physician Janos Veress developed a novel spring‐loaded needle 1937. The needle was originally used to perform therapeutic pneumothorax to treat patients suffering from tuberculosis. However, laparoscopists quickly realized its potential for safe creation of pneumoperitoneum [2].

Meanwhile, back in America, John Ruddock (1891–1961), an internist from Los Angeles, was most likely the principle driving force behind the acceptance of laparoscopy in the United States during the 1930s and beyond. Ruddock was known to work tirelessly to advocate for the laparoscope and to make a plea to internists and surgeons to work more cooperatively toward the goal of bringing minimally invasive care to patients. With his “peritoneoscope,” he was able to diagnose patients with metastatic gastric carcinoma by minimally invasive means, sparing them a nontherapeutic and thus wasted laparotomy, as metastatic disease was considered non‐operable at the time.

By the end of the 1930s, operative laparoscopic procedures were finally in more general clinical use, and no longer reserved for a few dedicated centers. However, paralleled with this development was also rising death rates from endoscopy complications. Some of the early pioneer physicians were visionary enough to comment on “the need for doctors to essentially retrain themselves” as an important impediment to general acceptance of laparoscopy.