Читать книгу Lost Worlds of 1863. Relocation and Removal of American Indians in the Central Rockies and the Greater Southwest онлайн

26 страница из 156

The word “slavery” can cause consternation in some quarters. Although I use the term throughout the book, it might be more accurate to speak of “de facto slavery,” a form of bondage that whatever it is called is in fact “slavery.” The word implies the ownership of a person or persons by another or others. That ownership comes from outright purchase or exchange of goods for a person, or acquisition of another through kidnapping or violence. Synonyms include “servitude,” “bondage,” and “indenture,” while slaves were often called “servants” or “peons.” Historian Andrés Reséndez, in his book on Indian enslavement in the Americas calls this type of “de facto slavery,” which is a form of bondage and involuntary servitude, The Other Slavery.

Whatever the arrangement is called, “de facto slavery” was a form of coercion that was often accompanied by sexual and economic exploitation of the enslaved person. The brutal actions of enslaving were often an adjunct to violence in the form of warfare, rape, homicide, massacre, mutilation and removal or deportation.