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ssss1 Unit operations in raw dry bean handling and cleaning.

Dry bean seed is usually treated with a combination of insecticides to prevent loss due to insect pressures. These products are very effective but have a relatively short life. Growers utilize several methods to control weeds, which compete for moisture and nutrients. Most common is a pre‐plant application followed by a post‐emergence application if needed. Herbicide resistant weeds are becoming a greater challenge (Sprague and Everman 2017; Soltani et al. 2018). As the dry bean plant grows, the canopy covers the field and vulnerability to mold proliferation begins during the flowering stage. White mold (Sclerotinia spp.) is the single biggest yield‐limiting factor in in dry beans in USA. Typically, fungicide is applied between the first flowers and earliest pod formation depending on field history and conditions. In certain circumstances, a second and occasionally a third application may be advantageous (Schwartz et al. 2011).