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Singh (1982) classified beans into four types that differ in growth habit (ssss1). The typical type‐I determinate bush bean does not produce a vine and vegetative growth ceases at flowering. Most large‐seeded kidney and green beans are determinate. The other three types have an indeterminate growth habit and differ in vine extension. Type‐II is an upright short vine habit similar to soybean that is best suited to direct harvest. Type III is a decumbent long vine habit best suited to semiarid production areas where harvest loss due to wet weather is rare. Type‐IV is the climbing bean that is not grown commercially in the US other than as pole beans in gardens, but is widely grown in many parts of Latin America or East Africa, where they are supported on either trellises, or poles or grown in association with corn.

ssss1 Gene pools, races, and growth habits of US dry bean market classes.

Gene pool Race Growth habit US market class Andean: Nueva Granada Determinate Type I Kidney Bush cranberry Chile Indeterminate Type III Vine cranberry Peru Determinate Type I Yellow, Mayacoba Middle American: Mesoamerican Indeterminate Type II Black Indeterminate Type II & Determinate Type I Navy Durango Indeterminate Type II & III Pinto Great northern Jalisco Indeterminate Type II & III Small red Pink Guatemala Climbers Type IV Red and blacks – Mexico, Central American only

Bean germplasm collections include contemporary and heirloom varieties, landraces, exotic plant introductions from foreign countries, and wild accessions of P. vulgaris (Acosta et al. 2007). These collections provide the greatest genetic potential for future improvements essential in breeding programs. Germplasm collections are maintained by the Plant Germplasm System in the US (17,653 Phaseolus accessions) and in germplasm banks at CIAT (37,938 accessions) and in countries where beans originated, were domesticated, and are grown.