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Figure 15.4 Successive street grid extensions at Antioch based on interpretation of vertical aerial photographs (after Leblanc and Poccardi 1999: Figure 5).

Figure 15.5 The Roman town at Umm el-Jimal, Jordan. (A) The unplanned character is typical of such towns and contrasts with most cities (Courtesy: Bert de Vries). (B) The scale and character of this large Roman-Umayyad town is readily apparent. Also visible is the earlier Nabataean town – the gray area at top center (APAAME_20020929_DLK-0155).

Figure 15.6 Yajuz seen in 1998 (above) when it lay in relatively open countryside and with just one intrusive building. By 2014 (below) several large houses had been constructed, including this one cutting through structures visible in the section.

Figure 15.7 Umm er-Rasas, Jordan. The village of about 3 ha grew up organically and without plan around an earlier fort of c. 2.2 ha. In time the abandoned fort, too, was settled, including no less than four churches.

Figure 15.8 A Roman farm south of Madaba in Jordan. The panorama shows the relatively arid marginal landscape though the structure itself is well-built.