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Figure 31.3 Arsameia, hierothesion, relief slab at “Sockel III,” depicting dexiosis between Antiochos I (69–36 bc) and Artagnes Herakles Ares. H 270 cm. © M. Blömer.

Figure 31.4 Herod Agrippa I (ad 37–44). Bronze coin (24 mm, twice enlarged) minted in Caesarea Maritima in ad 42/3. Agrippa and his brother Herod of Chalcis cuirassed standing either side of togate central figure (Claudius) and crowning him/Two hands clasping each other, inscription in two concentric circles “Covenant between king Agrippa and Caesar Augustus and the Senate and the people of Rome, friendship and alliance.” The drawing is a reconstruction based on what can be gleaned from the seven known specimens. Drawing: © A.J.M. Kropp. Photo: Hendin 2010: no.1248, courtesy of D. Hendin.

Figure 32.1 Palmyrene relief of camels used by armed escorts, Palmyra Museum. © T. Kaizer.

Figure 36.1 Tower-tombs at Palmyra. Two of the earliest tower-tombs on hilltops are visible in the back (center and right side). © T. Kaizer.

Figure 36.2 Necropolis at Tyre. The backsides of the tombs with raised sarcophagi are visible in the front of this photo. They flanked the road that ran to the centrally placed arch. © T. Kaizer.