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– James A. Fok

Hong Kong

4 October 2021

Chapter 1 Introduction

今天,我主要讲一个问题,就是解放思想,开动脑筋,实事求是,团结一致向前看。

– 邓小平,1978 年中共中央工作会议

Today, I mainly want to discuss one question, namely, how to emancipate our minds, use our heads, seek truth from the facts and unite as one in looking to the future.

– Deng Xiaoping, Central Party Work Conference 1978

On Christmas Day 1991, the hammer and sickle flag was lowered over the Kremlin for the last time. It was a dry, still Wednesday morning and the temperature hovered around one degree above freezing, mild by Moscow standards for that time of year. With that, the Cold War had ended.

History would go on to record it as a triumph of capitalism over communism, and of liberal democracy over dictatorship. The euphoria of the period was famously captured in Francis Fukuyama's 1989 essay and subsequent book, declaring ‘The End of History’, with America's brand of capitalist democracy standing as ‘The Last Man’.ssss1 Indeed, the US had become the sole superpower and the world basked in the glow of the Pax Americana. Even as the US was at the apex of its power, however, the seeds of future crises had been sown.

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