Читать книгу Innovation in Sport. Innovation Trajectories and Process Optimization онлайн

38 страница из 54

In innovation studies, materiality is generally taken into account, but in a somewhat reductive way. To put it simply, technical determinism makes it an obstacle (to be overcome or bypassed), the techno-centric approach focuses on functionality (to be domesticated), and diffusionism considers material elements as static and malleable entities. A second symmetry, embodied in the very notion of sociotechnics, allows the theory we are interested in to go further: the material or technical dimensions cannot be separated from the social dimensions. An innovation network is thus conceived as an assembly of human actors and non-human elements: materials, objects, prototypes, workshops, environments of use or diffusion, plans, regulatory texts, etc. On both sides, interests or constraints are redefined according to the context and concrete uses. Such a conception can seem destabilizing, but it allows us “to take the non-humans out of a status oscillating between the docile resource, mobilizable without effort by the social actors, and the absolute constraint, over which they would have no control” (Grossetti 2006).