Читать книгу Resilience. Persistence and Change in Landscape Forms онлайн

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ssss1 concerns the emergence and development of the conceptual framework of resilience, particularly in the context of ecology. Research into resilience first began in the 1970s, following on from the adoption of the complex system and self-organization paradigms; this concept provides a way of accounting for temporal dynamics and allows us to address interactions across multiple levels in the organization of complex systems. Initially limited to the fields of physics, psychology and ecology, the concept of resilience only really took off in the late 2000s, in the context of campaigns to draw attention to the need for action to combat climate change and manage catastrophes. Moving out of the purely cognitive field, the term “resilience” has taken on multiple meanings and multiple implications. In this book, we shall focus on the conceptual framework of “ecological” resistance, as developed by the Canadian ecologist Crawford S. Holling and promoted by the Resilience Alliance network. Ecological resilience is a powerful heuristic concept with the ability to change our perception of the way in which interactions between societies and milieux evolve. We thus present the concept of resilience as a property of social-ecological systems, before describing the ways in which it has been used in analyzing spatial systems and landscapes in the fields of archeology, geography and archeogeography. Particular attention will be given to the place assigned to heritage and inherited patterns in current dynamics. The traditional approach to the perception of time in landscape, presented in ssss1, forms the backdrop for a discussion of the concept of resilience in this context, in which we consider whether or not this concept is really a new approach to change, or if it is simply a new mask laid over an old idea.