Читать книгу Gesammelte Aufsätze zur romanischen Philologie – Studienausgabe. Herausgegeben und ergänzt um Aufsätze, Primärbibliographie und Nachwort von Matthias Bormuth und Martin Vialon онлайн

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DanteDante’s address to the reader is a new creation, although some of its features appear in earlier texts. For its level of style, i. e. its dignity and intensity, it is nearest to the apostrophe of the ancients, – which, however, was seldom addressedMittelalterAnrede im MA to the reader. The compositional schema of DanteDante’s addresses recalls the classical apostrophe, especially the apostrophe of prayer and invocation (Musa, mihi causas memora …). In both cases the basic elements are a vocative and an imperative (Ricorditi, lettor, or Aguzza qui, lettor). Both may be paraphrased and, in some instances, replaced by other forms. The most frequent paraphrase of the vocative is the solemn invocation known from classical poetry: O voi che …, or its humbler variant, the simple relative clause: (Immagini) chi bene intender cupe (much as in the Old French introductions Qui vorroit bons vers oïr). The vocative is an essential element of the address to the reader as well as of the apostrophe in general; the imperative is not essential. The ancient invocational apostropheApostrophe can be complete without any verbal addition (μὰ τοὺς Μαραϑῶνι προϰινδυνεύσαντας …). The address to the reader may be introduced into any discourse or statement whatsoever. There are passages in DanteDante where the imperative is paraphrased by a rhetorical questionRhetorische Frage or by some other expression of the poet’s intention, as in the following verses from the Vita Nuova: