Читать книгу A Dictionary of Islam. Being a cyclopedia of the doctrines, rites, ceremonies, and customs, together with the technical and theological terms, of the Muhammadan religion онлайн

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GROVE, The. Arabic Aikah (ايكة‎). The Aṣḥābu ʾl-Aikah, or “the people of the Grove,” are mentioned four times in the Qurʾān, Sūrahs xv. 78, xxvi. 176, xxviii. 21, l. 13, as being a tribe or class of people who treated the prophets as liars. The following particulars regarding them are given in Sūrah xxvi. 170:—

“The people of the grove of Madyan treated the Apostles as liars.

“When Shuʿaib their brother said to them, ‘Will ye not fear God?

“I truly am your trustworthy Apostle.

“Fear God, then, and obey me:

“No reward ask I of you for this: my reward is of the Lord of the Worlds alone.”

GUARDIANSHIP. Guardianship over a minor is of two kinds: wilāyah (ولاية‎), or guardianship of the property and education and marriage of the ward, and ḥiẓānah (حضانة‎), or guardianship over the rearing and bringing up of the child.

Guardians are either so by natural right or by testament, or by appointment by a judge.

The guardianship of a minor for the management and preservation of his property devolves first on his or her father, then on the father’s executor, next on the paternal grandfather, then on his executor, then on the executors of such executors, next on the ruling power or his representative, the Qāẓī, or judge. In default of a father, father’s father, and their executors, as above, all of whom are termed near guardians, it rests in the Qāẓī to appoint a guardian of an infant’s property. The other paternal kinsmen who are termed remote kindred, and the mother succeed, according to proximity, to the guardianship of an infant for the purpose of education and marriage; they have no right to be guardians of his property, unless appointed to be so by the ruling authority, or in the original proprietor’s will, proved by competent witnesses. The mother’s right of guardianship is, however, forfeited upon her being remarried to a stranger, but regained when she is divorced by him, and has again become a widow.