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He also describes that of Diptera. What Walter has lately proved to be the epipharynx of Lepidoptera was regarded by Savigny and all subsequent writers as the labrum.

The latest account of the function of this organ is that by Cheshire, who states that the tube made by the maxillæ and labial palpi cannot act as a suction pipe, because it is open above. “This opening is closed by the front extension of the epipharynx, which closes down to the maxillæ, fitting exactly into the space they leave uncovered, and thus the tube is completed from their termination to the œsophagus.”

Fig. 26.—Epipharynx of Phaneroptera angustifolia: cl, clypeus; lbr. e, labrum-epipharynx; t c, taste cups, both on the clypeal and on the labral regions.

Fig. 27.—Epipharynx of Hadenœcus subterraneus, cave cricket.

It is singular that this organ is not mentioned in Burmeister’s Manual of entomology, in Lacordaire’s Introduction à l’entomologie, or by Newport in his admirable article Insecta in Todd’s Cyclopedia of anatomy. Neither has Straus-Durckheim referred to or figured it in his great work on the anatomy of Melolontha vulgaris.