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Figure 1.3.

In electron beam melting (EBM), the raw material is fused together by heating an electron beam under vacuum, which are used to build metallic components, especially in aerospace industries. In this method, a beam of electron acts as a heat transmission source that has a higher melting capacity, as well as productivity, which are controlled by electromagnetic coils, thereby allowing the melting of metals into a solid geometry. The EBM machine obtains input data from a CAD model and builds the part under vacuum (Zhao 2016). It is used to manufacture standard metal parts such as fixtures, prototypes and support structures in a slow and cost-effective process.

Figure 1.4.

Selective laser melting (SLM) uses a high-power density laser to melt the raw material and fuse it together with metallic powders, which is mainly used for low-volume materials. In this technique, various materials such as glass, ceramics and plastics are used. The laser beam will heat the particles at appropriate positions on a bed of metallic powder until it is completely smelted. The AM machine will consecutively increase the melted layers over the metal bed until it reaches the expected design (Jürgen 2017). Its common applications can be found in aerospace industries, automobile industries and medical industry to overcome the demand for human organs.