Читать книгу Light Weight Materials. Processing and Characterization онлайн

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The most essential progressive material that acts as a key to improving the achievements in spacecraft systems is titanium and its alloys. Tremendous amalgamations of definite mechanical possessions controlled by density result in exceptional corrosion resistance behavior. The assortment of the precise AM technology, along with appropriate design optimization, leads to substantial investments through significantly condensed buy-to-fly ratios and global reduction of weight, as well as reduces scrap. AM technology is growing towards the fabrication of entire functional parts using titanium and their alloys. The facility to construct hollow and curved shapes with better quality resolution adds topographies on existing parts and makes it possible to remanufacture or patch-up damaged parts, besides building parts precisely from the CAD (input) data. Ti-6Al-4V, known as the “work horse” of titanium, is considered as an active alloy among the (α+β) alloys, and it is the widely used titanium alloy. The examination of Ti-6Al-4V reveals its sensible properties such as low ductility and density with virtuous corrosion and oxidation resistance, and hence it is used in high operating temperatures and high stress apparatuses (Imam 2016). The microstructure and enumerated tomography ensures that the hot isostatic process leads to a standardized microstructure and reduces the absorbency of titanium alloy parts. Ti-3AI-2S-V has a momentous application of constructing hydraulic tubing in the aerospace industry. It is used for high pressure hydraulic outlines with working pressures up to 28 MPa. It is also used in the hardened state for cryogenic applications as it preserves better fracture toughness and ductility even at cryogenic temperatures. The Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al alloy has tremendous hardenability, high tensile strength and high fatigue strength. It is primarily used for manufacturing landing gears. Titanium alloys are widely used in aircraft industries, and each suitable alloy is designated according to its applications (John 2016). Commercially pure titanium is used in airframes where formability is measured as an essential factor. It is also used in engine components where heat resistance and strength are crucial.