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Figure 1.7.

Direct metal deposition (DMD) differs from other types of powder beds as it involves a nozzle feeding the raw materials that are extruded as powdered metal into the laser beam and used for producing components such as turbine blades and drive shafts. The laser beams form a melt pool on the metallic surface through which the power is supplied. The laser beam is focused on the spray of powdered metal to scan the substrate in order to deposit the metal A which is formed by the melted powder that is bonded with the substrate. The width of the deposit is found between 0.6 and 2.4 mm, and the layer thickness ranges between 0.2 and 0.8 mm (Eisenbarth 2019). Nickel alloys, titanium, cobalt and copper are the most commonly used materials in this technique.

Figure 1.8.

AM is based on a novel resource cumulative philosophy. The materials play a predominant role in AM, which are mainly considered for engineered operational applications. The evolution of AM has a definite class of raw materials that are concomitant with certain AM processes and solicitations. The selection requirements for AM is indispensable for suitable materials to return the feedstock, which is responsible for the unambiguous AM process with appropriate dispensation of the material by AM technology and its expertise that is post-processed to augment geometry, motorized properties and the exhibition of obligatory enactment characteristics in service of the component (Dhinakaran 2019). The contemporary expansion emphasis of AM is to yield multifaceted shaped serviceable metallic components, comprising metals, and non-metals such as plastics, metal alloys and other composites, to meet the challenging requirements of aerospace, automotive, defense and biomedical engineering.