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Figure 1.5.

Direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) is similar to selective laser melting as the intent is to use a laser with high power density to create the geometry that is best suited for manufacturing metals and metal alloys. DMLS uses a variety of alloys for allowing efficient hardware to design complex geometries. The functional prototypes made using this method have greater strength and ultimate durability. DMLS is most suitable for fabricating complex oil and inert gas components. Metal alloys such as aluminum alloys, stainless steel and niche alloys are widely used (Rizzuti 2019). DMLS materials are completely dense, highly robust and have greater resistance to corrosion, which can be auxiliary treated with heat, sterilization and coating.

Figure 1.6.

Laser metal fusion (LMF) produces a 3D part from a powder bed by selectively melting the powder and fusing it in a layer-by-layer fashion onto the fundamental substrate used exclusively in medical implants for the construction of ultra-light hollow components. In this technique, the component is constructed on a substrate plate that is coated with a layer of metal under an inert gas atmosphere (Garmendia 2019). The metallic layers are increased in the same continuous process until the part is completely constructed, individually 20–100 microns are identified between each layer. The amount of powder added at each layer can be precisely controlled by the distinguished powder delivery system. The finalized product undergoes laser polishing during its post-processing.